نشریه چشم انداز حسابداری و مدیریت
سال چهارم شماره 54 (زمستان 1400)

The goal of any activity in any business unit is to achieve the highest level of effectiveness and efficiency, which is called performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of profit smoothing and disclosure of social responsibility on the market performance of the company. This study is applied in terms of purpose and is causal (post-event) correlation methodology. The statistical population of the study was all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 148 companies were selected as the sample of the research in a 9-year period between 2012 and 2012. The method used to collect information is a library and the relevant data for measuring variables were collected from the Cadal site and the companies' financial statements and then Ivyus software was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that profit smoothing and disclosure of social responsibility have a positive and significant effect on the market performance of the company.

Predicting earnings management provides information about the expected earnings of any particular company and is a key aspect of disclosure. Managers, as the most knowledgeable of the current and future status of the company, pass on their information to outsiders, thereby reducing information asymmetry. On the other hand, based on the opportunistic approach, the manager predicts optimistic profits by using disclosure policies to avoid work problems and threatening loss of management credibility as well as financial problems during the financial crisis. However, auditors with greater independence and less collusion with the manager and the ability to detect distortions are better able to monitor management reports. In a time of financial crisis, optimistic earnings forecasts are limited. Much research has been done on predicting managers 'earnings, but so far the impact of audit quality on the relationship between managers' earnings forecasting and the financial crisis has not been addressed. Therefore, the present study examines managers' earnings forecast and financial crisis with emphasis on audit quality. In this regard, a sample of 109 companies listed in the Stock Exchange during the period 2011-2017 was selected and tested. The results using multivariate regression show that the financial crisis increases the optimistic forecast of management. However, audit quality with Type II error criteria does not affect the relationship between financial crisis and optimistic forecasting of managers.

Low product substitution can lead to a less sensitive demand curve for business unit products and affect the business unit flexibility to overcome cost shocks. It is important to note that financial analysis uses product market power as an important factor in assessing a business unit's outlook. In particular, it has been stated that the only and most important decision in evaluating an economic activity is pricing power. Due to the devaluation of the domestic currency (exchange rate increase), net exports improved but the intensity of production costs also increased. Similarly, as the value of the domestic currency (exchange rate depreciation) improves, net exports fall and production costs fall. By examining the combination of the two channels of supply and demand, the result of exchange rate fluctuations on the country's economy can be determined. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether exchange rate fluctuations have a significant effect on the relationship between market power and firm performance or not? The statistical population of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 1392 and 1399 and using the information of 120 companies and multivariate linear regression method, the hypothesis was tested. The test results of the first hypothesis show that market power has a direct and significant relationship with company performance. Also, the results of the second hypothesis indicate that the interactive variable of exchange rate fluctuations * market power has a significant inverse relationship with firm performance.

Unusual fluctuations in return due to risk Fluctuations in specific returns of companies, which are mainly due to the actions of the company and independent of the general movement of the market. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between comparability of financial statements and unusual fluctuations in stock returns. Also, the moderating role of two variables of analysts' forecasting error and the quality of financial reporting as dimensions of the information environment on this relationship was examined. For this purpose, 76 companies for the years 1392 to 1398 were selected by screening. Two market models, Fama and French, were used to measure abnormal stock returns. The concept of difranco economic phenomena was also used to measure the comparability variable. Multivariate correlation and regression methods were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the comparability of financial statements and unusual fluctuations in stock returns. The results also indicate that analysts' forecasting error can play a moderating role in the relationship between the comparability of financial statements and the reduction of abnormal fluctuations in stock returns. Finally, it was found that the quality of financial reporting can affect the relationship between the comparability of financial statements and unusual fluctuations in returns.

Disclosure of social responsibility as a bridge between the business unit and stakeholders attracts investors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of tax avoidance and corporate governance on social responsibility in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, in this study, tax avoidance and corporate governance as an independent variable and corporate social responsibility performance as a dependent variable during the years 2009 to 2019 have been studied. Finally, 105 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange as an example in These studies were selected. The linear multivariate regression model has been used using Excel and Ivory software to test the hypotheses. The results show that there is a negative and significant relationship between tax avoidance and disclosure of corporate social responsibility, and there is a positive and significant relationship between family ownership and corporate social responsibility and there is a positive and significant relationship between institutional ownership and corporate social responsibility. There is a positive and significant relationship between board size and corporate social responsibility.

Investment plays an important and key role in economic growth and development. One of the basic components that has an undeniable effect on the subject of investment is the phenomenon of Confucianism culture. According to research Jebran and et al (2019), one of the factors that can affect the corporate investment inefficiency, is the Confucianism culture (managers), which has not been considered in the financial and accounting research literature. Confucianism culture as an informal institution reduces representation problems and curbs over-managerial behaviors. Also, state ownership as corporate governance can attenuation the link between the Confucianism culture and over-investment. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of State Ownership on the relationship between Confucianism Culture (Managers) and Corporate Over-Investment. The research method is descriptive-correlation and the analysis of research hypotheses has been done using logit regression method. The present research is applied in terms of purpose. The number of statistical research samples of 132 listed companies in the period 2010 to 2020, which has been selected using systematic elimination sampling method. To measure the Confucianism Culture, the criterion of Geographical Proximity-Based from model Du (2015) has been used. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the Confucianism Culture and over-investment and state ownership intensifies the relationship between the Confucianism Culture and Corporate Over-Investment. With the rise of the phenomenon of Confucianism Culture, the investment behavior of companies leads to non-optimal; this means that the closer the Corporate are to the cultural centers in terms of Geographical Proximity-Based, the managers of Iranian companies cannot correctly identify valuable investment opportunities (projects with positive net present value) in the market and invest properly that this becomes more challenging with government intervention, and as a result, investors are harmed and social resources are wasted.

The information provided through the financial statements must be reliable, relevant, relevant and complete. The disclosure of financial information should take into account the needs and wishes of major investors, investment institutions, creditors and financial analysts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cost stickiness on the quality of financial disclosure in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research done in terms of the type of purpose is part of applied research and the research method is cause and effect in terms of nature and content. The research was conducted in the framework of deductive-inductive reasoning and panel analysis was used to analyze the hypotheses. To collect information, data from 148 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 1391-1391 have been used. The results of this study show that cost stickiness has a negative and significant effect on the quality of financial disclosure of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

Valuing companies is a planning necessity for managers and investors. Valuation demonstrates how strategy and financial structure affect the stock market value of companies. The value of the company is important for shareholders, investors, managers, creditors and other stakeholders in evaluating the future of the company and its impact on estimating the risk and return on investment and stock prices. Organizational (structural) capital leads to executive communication, business process improvement, revenue increase, cost reduction and quality improvement. Organizational capital is considered as a competitive intelligent resource, which ultimately shortens the production cycle and increases the capacity of the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine whether organizational capital affects the value of companies accepted in Is the Tehran Stock Exchange effective? The statistical population of the study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2016. After applying the restrictions, 105 companies were selected as the research sample. The results of the research hypothesis analysis showed that organizational capital on the value of companies listed on the stock exchange. Tehran Stock Exchange has a significant and positive effect.

The present study was an attempt to use a scenario model to recognize the effect of the Covid-19 epidemic on the working capital. The researchers used the data of 98 companies of Iran Stock Exchange during the period 2016-2021 canonical co-integration regression estimation method. The results indicated the partial role of Stock ownership in normal conditions was caused growth in working capital, which the effect of Stock ownership was more appeared in the Covid-19 crisis. This means, that the growth rate is higher than usual in the face of crisis. In deed the Covid-19 epidemic caused damage the economy, through a decrease in investment rate and then this will caused to decrease in Decreased production and economic growth. If, with the increase of investment process and efficient management of working capital, the production process has increased so that the new infrastructures meet the production volume. Therefore, it is recommend to use support of government for short and medium term, especially for in responses to in Quick return support of investments government from the damaged parts is necessary due a pandemic. According to the results of the study, it is suggested that more attention be paid to the impact of unpredictable crises on the growth of the capital market.

The key to maintaining the trust of clients and the public is an ethical and professional process that shapes the practice of accountants with integrity, impartiality and independence. In this regard, every company must have an ethical charter in order to minimize the risk. The aim of this study is to provide an ethical model that can be easily used by professionals in their daily decisions. The accounting profession plays a vital role in the functioning of modern society. It is therefore essential that members of the profession adhere to ethical principles and stand firm against internal and external pressures that may encourage these professionals to engage in fraudulent activities. Ethical models provide a coherent expression of the collective moral ideals, responsibilities, and constraints of members of a profession and can help guide ethical behavior.Design / Methodology / Approach - Our model is based on the values ​​of the justice profession, utility, competency, ie the JUCI model, which is a simple ethical decision-making model that is easily understood by general professional accountants as well as financial professionals who They may help when challenged with difficult moral dilemmas.